vendredi 18 octobre 2019

Early-life interventions to improve welfare of laying hens

Background:
In our society, increasing attention is being paid to improving the welfare of animals that we use for food production. Where previously the trend was to "solve" welfare problems by adapting the animal to its environment, that trend is now starting to reverse. Among consumers, there is an increasing demand for ‘natural’ products that come from animals that can express their normal behavior. This results in a growing market for organic or alternative ways of keeping animals. This is also the case for poultry farming, where, for example, the animals increasingly gain access to an outdoor area. Although this is a step in the right direction, it does not solve all welfare problems.
An  urgent  welfare  problem  that  occurs  in  keeping  laying  hens,  in  both  conventional  and  organic farming systems, is feather pecking. Pecking can lead to feather and tissue damage, but can also result in cannibalism and increased mortality. Previously,  damage was limited by removing the tip of the upper beak from the chickens (beak trimming). Since 2019, beak trimming has been banned in the Netherlands and many other European countries, making the harmful effects of feather pecking even greater than before.
In this research we want to find innovative solutions to the problem of feather pecking in laying hens.
Because  there  is  a  growing  need  for  organic  products,  we  will  imitate  the  practical  conditions  of organic poultry farming. By ensuring that rearing conditions better reflect their natural environment and by offering enrichment, we expect that the chickens will be less anxious and will therefore show less feather pecking.  Part of this research is also to study the effects of genetics on fearfulness and feather  pecking.  We  will  test  promising  interventions  on-farm,  to  investigate  their  feasibility  in practice.  Furthermore, we will also investigate the effect of our early life interventions on different genetic lines of laying hens.
Internship offer:
We  are  looking  for  students  to  help  with  the  first  round  of  experiments:  in  January,  eggs  will  be incubated  either  under  standard  dark  conditions,  or  under  a  light-dark  cycle  which  was  shown  to facilitate brain lateralization and reduce fearfulness in chicken. After hatching, and throughout the rearing  phase (18 weeks),  half  of the  chicks  will  be provided  with  live  larvae as  an  environmental enrichment  to  stimulate  their  foraging  behavior  and  hopefully  decrease  fearfulness  and  feather pecking.  Behavioral  observations,  behavioral  tests,  blood  and  brain  analysis  will  be  performed  at Utrecht University during the rearing phase to compare the 4 treatment groups.
Starting date: January 2020.
Duration: ± 6 months
No actual remuneration, but interns can usually apply for mobility scholarships (e.g. Erasmus grant  or region aid). Help will be provided by the Utrecht University International Office to find housing.
Supervisors:
Prof. Bas Rodenburg
Dr Vivian Goerlich
Dr Rebecca Nordquist
Daily-supervisors and contact:
Saskia Kliphuis, s.kliphuis@uu.nl (PhD)
Maëva Manet, m.w.e.manet@uu.nl (PhD)