lundi 3 novembre 2014
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dimanche 2 novembre 2014
Proposition de stage
Relation entre traits de personnalité, niveau de domestication et performances d’élevage chez le bar (Dicentrarchus labrax).
Début du stage : avril 2015
Durée : 6 mois
Niveau requis : Master 1 Ethologie (ou Master 2 si le calendrier est compatible)
Demande de candidature : à adresser à David Benhaïm (adresse mél en bas de page)
Contexte scientifique
Le stage proposé sera effectué dans le cadre du programme de recherche IPERBAR (Identification de traits de PERsonnalité chez le BAR : une contribution à la gestion durable des stocks de poissons marins et au développement local de la pisciculture marine) financé par le Conseil Régional de Basse Normandie. Il s’inscrit également dans le cadre des perspectives de la thèse de Sébastien Ferrari intitulée : « Caractérisation, variabilité et héritabilité des traits de personnalité chez les téléostéens » qui sera soutenue à
l’Université de La Rochelle en décembre 2014.
L’objectif du stage sera de mieux comprendre le lien entre le niveau de domestication/sélection, les traits de personnalité et la croissance du bar, Dicentrachus labrax. De précédents travaux (Millot, 2008 ; Benhaïm 2011, Ferrari, 2014) ont en effet montré que selon le niveau de domestication, une différence apparaît dans les liens entre les phénotypes de prise de risque et la croissance.
Le travail sera réalisé en conditions d’auto-alimentation. Plusieurs études ont révélé la mise en place d’une structure sociale singulière qui se construit autour du dispositif d’auto-alimentation, basée sur l’activité de manipulation des individus (Covès et al., 2006; Millot et al., 2008). Dans des conditions expérimentales variables, la population peut être divisée en trois catégories : manipulateurs principaux, occasionnels et non-manipulateurs. Dans tous les cas, un faible nombre de manipulateurs principaux est responsable d’un fort pourcentage d’activité. Des travaux récents semblent indiquer l’existence de traits de personnalité associés à l’activité de manipulation du dispositif d’auto-alimentation (Benhaim et al., 2012 ; Ferrari et al, 2014). Deux lots caractérisés par différents niveaux de domestication/sélection seront suivis dans ces conditions et la personnalité d’une partie des individus sera préalablement caractérisée à l’aide de divers tests discriminants (voir Ferrari et al., 2014). Les individus ainsi caractérisés seront ensuite identifiés à l’aide de marques externes et filmés en conditions d’auto-alimentation pour mieux comprendre la structure sociale du groupe et en particulier l’hypothèse d’un système coopératif avancée dans nos récents travaux (Ferrari et al., 2014).
Ce travail sera utile dans la perspective du développement de programmes de sélection. A ce jour, les programmes de sélection chez les téléostéens se focalisent essentiellement sur la croissance et les caractères de production. Sélectionner sur la base de traits de personnalité pourrait permettre, par exemple, d’optimiser la croissance tout en privilégiant de faibles niveaux d’interactions sociales négatives.
Déroulement du stage
Le stage se déroulera à la station Ifremer de L’Houmeau (17). Une partie de l’étude sera valorisée par la rédaction du rapport de stage de Master afin de respecter le calendrier de l’Université en question. Le stagiaire sera formé à l’utilisation du dispositif d’auto-alimentation, à tous les aspects liés à la maintenance des poissons en élevage, aux tests de personnalité et techniques associées (logiciel Ethovision) et à l’exploitation des données enregistrées en continu.
Le stagiaire percevra une indemnité mensuelle de 436.05 euros.
Qualités requises
Motivation pour travailler sur des animaux aquatiques, sens des responsabilités, curiosité, autonomie, rigueur, respect du protocole.
Responsables
Marie-Laure Bégout
Ifremer, Station de l’Houmeau
place Gaby Coll, BP 7, 17137 L’Houmeau, France
Tél : 05 46 50 06 08
Mél : Marie.Laure.Begout@ifremer.fr
David Benhaïm
Intechmer/CNAM
BP 324, 50103 Cherbourg, France
Tél : 02 33 88 73 38
Mél : david.benhaim@cnam.fr
Références bibliographiques
Benhaim, D., Bégout, M.-L., Péan, S., Brisset, B., Leguay, D., Chatain, B., 2012. Effect of fasting on self-feeding activity in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Appl. Anim. Behav. 136, 63-73.
Covès, D., Beauchaud, M., Attia, J., Dutto, G., Bouchut, C., Bégout, M.L., 2006. Long-term monitoring of individual fish triggering activity on a self-feeding system: An example using European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture 253, 385-392.
Ferrari, S., Benhaïm, D., Colchen, T., Chatain, B., Bégout, M.-L., in press. First links between self-feeding behaviour and personality traits in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Appl. Anim. Behav.
Ferrari, S., 2014. Caractérisation, variabilité et héritabilité des trais de personnalité chez les téléostéens. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de La Rochelle, 338 pp.
Millot, S., 2008. Domestication, sélection et comportement du bar. Variabilité des aptitudes comportementales et de la tolérance au stress de groupes génétiquement distincts de bar, Dicentrarchus labrax. Thèse doc., La Rochelle., 188 pp
PhD scholarships @ Kent for 2015/16 start
The
School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent is offering several
University 50th Anniversary scholarships to start in 2015/16. Each Scholarship
will cover tuition fees at the Home/EU rate plus a maintenance grant (typically
the equivalent of that offered by the Research Councils).
This
is a real opportunity for a bright student wanting to pursue a PhD in animal
behaviour, ecology or conservation (or a combination of these). We now
have three staff with interests in behavioural ecology and primatology: Brandon
Wheeler & Tatyana Humle, and myself - together with other staff with
related interests - and between us we would be able to supervise a broad range
of projects. Anyone who is interested should drop one of us an email to get
the ball rolling.
Full
staff list is here: http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/staff-profiles/index.html,
while information about the scholarships is here: http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/scholarships/index.html;
I’ve pasted the eligibility criteria:
"Candidates
must hold a good BA/BSc and a Master's degree at distinction level (or
equivalent) in a relevant subject. Applicants without a MA/MSc must have a
first class honours BA/BSc (or equivalent) and be able to demonstrate
relevant experience that is at least equivalent to Master's level training. The
scholarship competition is open to all postgraduate research applicants
from the UK and EU. Candidates from outside the UK/EU will be considered
providing they can submit evidence that they have secured funds from other
sources to meet the fee differential at the time of application. The School
will NOT be able to meet the fee differential for such students. The
scholarship is competitive, and students wishing to be considered need to have
completed the full application process by the closing
date: 31 January 2015."
Nick Newton-Fisher
mercredi 29 octobre 2014
Post-doctoral position (2 years) in stress ecophysiology
The iEES Paris at University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris, France) is searching for a qualified candidate for the position of postdoctoral associate for a 2-years appointment. The post-doctoral associate will contribute to an ongoing project on stress ecophysiology to link patterns of habitat degradation with the glucorticoid stress responses and ensuing demographic consequences. This project is supported by the ANR "Jeunes chercheurs" funding and will include close collaborations with a PhD student.
A challenge to ecologists and conservation biologists is predicting organismal responses to fast environmental changes and increasing occurrences of extreme events. The emerging field of conservation physiology attempts to determine the physiological responses of organisms to environmental changes in order to elucidate physiological constraints and opportunities to cope with environmental shifts. Ultimately, information on physiological capacity can be used to predict ecological consequences of global changes. Here, we will use a model vertebrate species, the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara), to understand physiological and demographic effects of habitat degradation. In reptiles, physiological response to habitat degradation involves secretion of glucocorticoids (corticosterone) that have strong organizational effects within and between generations. This project will thus couple physiological and demographic approaches in order to characterize hormonal responses to habitat degradation via glucocorticoid secretion. It includes two related research projects: (1) a correlative study of hormonal, immunological and life history syndromes associated with habitat degradation in a natural gradient of habitat quality (Massif central, France) done in collaboration with Jean Clobert (CNRS, Station d’Ecologie Experimentale du CNRS, Moulis, France); and (2) a detailed functional study of the stress response by developing innovative physiological indicators using HPLC analyses.
Candidates should meet the following requirements: (1) have a PhD in ecology, physiology, or a related field; (2) have a certified background in ecophysiology and population ecology, and a knowledge of stress-related physiology, (3) be creative and independent, and (4) have a good track record of publications. Candidates are welcome to come with their own ideas provided they are feasible during the time frame of the project
The post-doctoral student will be recruited by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in the laboratory iEES Paris and will be supervised by Sandrine Meylan & Jean-François Le Galliard. The position is available for a period of two years starting preferably in February 2015. Salary is in the range €22,000–28,000 per year depending on experience. Review of applications will begin on November 15, 2014, and continue until the position is filled.
Applications should be sent to smeylan@snv.jussieu.fr. Applications should include a curriculum vitae including a full list of publications, a brief description of research interests, and a list of at least one reference familiar with the applicant’s qualifications and experience.
Assistant Professor in Ethology
The Department of Zoology at Stockholm University has
just opened a search for an Assistant Professor in Ethology.
This is a four-year tenure-track position, with a career
path with the opportunity for promotion to a permanent position as Associate
Professor in Ethology at the department*.
The field of ethology explains behavior, using micro-
and/or macroevolutionary perspectives, through integration of mechanistic and
adaptive approaches.
The assistant professorship consists mainly of research
but also some teaching (typically ca.
10% of the time) and supervision. At the Department of Zoology, research is
being pursued in ecology, ethology, functional morphology, population genetics
and systematics and evolution. The spirit of research is collaborative, both
within the department and internationally. The department has a total of 16
permanent Associate Professor/Full Professor positions, and presently
accommodates 45-50 staff and about the same number of PhD students.
Research in ethology at the department currently covers a
wide range of topics, including behavior, cognition and brain size in guppies,
the ontogeny of social behavior in dogs and wolves, insect phenology, evolution
of phenotype determination, predator psychology and the evolution of
aposematism and mimicry in bird-insect interactions, bird migration,
comparative methods, personality and social dominance in fowl, and foraging
behavior in red deer and fallow deer. The department has laboratory space for
large-scale studies of insects and fishes at the Stockholm campus, and also a
large and well-equipped field station with great opportunities for ethological
studies.
Informal inquiries can be made to Prof. Olof Leimar (olof.leimar@zoologi.su.se). Note
that applications should be submitted through the Stockholm University website,
where further details also are available:
Closing Date: Monday 15 December 2014
* Decisions about promotion will be based on the research
and teaching expertise of the person awarded the assistant professorship, as
evaluated in the fourth year of the position. For an ambitious and successful
person, the chances of promotion are very high.
Seehttp://www.science.su.se/english/rules-regulations/guidelines-for-employment-recruitement-1.67131 for a document detailing the formal
requirements for promotion to associate professor.
Olof Leimar, Professor
Department of Zoology
Stockholm University
SE-106 91 Stockholm
Sweden
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